Why is this so fundamental? Because a well-organized half-court press isn’t just about sitting deep and waiting for mistakes. It’s about proactively managing space, guiding the opposition where you want them, and, most crucially, making the central area of the pitch into a “no-go zone.” If you fail here, you open yourself to direct D penetrations, chaos, and easy scoring opportunities for the other team.

As Russell Coates put it:

“If your opponent has the ball and he’s looking to pass through you, get down low and try and block that pass.”

What does this mean in practice? Start every training session with this principle at the core of individual and team drills. Whether you’re working on a rondo-based warm-up or a high-intensity small-sided game, challenge defenders to focus on covering passing lanes, especially those into and through the centre. Teach players to see the hotline (the ball-goal line) as the most dangerous channel and empower them to use their body position, stick angles, and… patience to close it off.

Make it a habit:

• Coach defenders to prioritize blocking central lanes over chasing the ball.

• Integrate this mindset into your small-group unit exercises and one-on-one defending sessions.

• On video review, always highlight moments when your team either succeeded or failed to protect the hotline.

This core principle isn’t just defensive—it can actively create counter-attacking chances. By shepherding opponents to wide areas and denying central passes, you not only limit risk, you open the opportunity to win the ball on your terms and counter with numbers, especially down your preferred right side.

Most importantly, commit yourself as coach to reinforce this message every week. Simulate game scenarios where players must repeatedly choose between pinching in on the hotline or gambling outside. When in doubt, opt to block inside and “take one for the team”—it’s the foundation on which the whole system stands.

“You want to be coaching players individually to close down the central passing lane. You want to coach players individually not to lunge in, but to force the attacker outside.” – Russell Coates

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It’s tempting—and often routine—to think of preseason as a time reserved for endless fitness drills, beep tests, and sprints. Yet, as Russell Coates emphasized throughout this workshop, the focus should shift towards hockey, skill development and game-relevant preparation rather than treating the restart as a bootcamp. The aim is clear: create an environment that values technical and tactical growth, while managing physical load within the actual context of hockey.

“For me, pre season is about getting better without draining the players physically. And it’s not necessarily about getting fitter. …preseason is all about hockey and that within a certain hockey context we’re trying to improve fitness. But merely improving fitness is not actually a focus point...”
— Russell Coates

With this in mind, the critical task for coaches is to design preseason sessions that enable players to rediscover rhythm, ball feeling, and coordination, especially after a significant break. Instead of burning your squad out through punishment runs and circuits, use hockey-specific drills that inherently build fitness, decision-making, and confidence. For instance, start off with technical exercises like dynamic passing and receiving—tailored to the present state of your squad (as Russell Coates suggests, longer and gentler for those who’ve spent months away from their sticks, and shorter if your group has a fresher base).

The implications for your week-to-week coaching are direct. Don’t revert to old habits under the pressure of calendars and expectations. Instead, design sessions where every activity has a match-related context. Regularly tweak exercise rules, group sizes, rest ratios, and pitch setups to ensure you’re targeting core skills and tactical priorities, instead of defaulting to fitness for fitness’ sake.

In your day-to-day, approach each session with the question: “How does this drill help my players improve within a hockey context?” Where possible, integrate fitness into actual hockey actions—ball-carrying, defending, pressing, passing, and shooting—rather than isolating running or gym-based work. Not only will your athletes be more engaged, but the gains will translate straight to game day.

Field hockey’s modern tempo doesn’t allow for wasted time. Your players get match-fit in context, not in isolation. The principles and sample session structures discussed in this workshop demonstrate how the modern approach to preseason can make every minute on the pitch count.

Why You’ll Want to Go Deeper: Watch, Read, Transform

This masterclass isn’t just another preseason theory review. It’s a candid, coach-to-coach exploration of the real challenges, from managing uneven numbers and varying skill sets to dealing with logistical headaches and keeping goalies switched on. Russell Coates breaks down the “why” behind each choice, not just the “what”. If you’re eager to challenge assumptions, discover effective session structures, and pick up actionable advice that you can implement straight into your club or elite environment, you’ll want the full breakdown.

Unlocking the rest of this in-depth session will provide you with specific answers, alternative approaches, and practical templates to transform your approach to preseason—and throughout the year. Already subscribed? Please read on and thanks :) 

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Why This Matters

Pressing triggers aren’t a system, they’re a set of principles. This means you can layer them onto any press—zonal, man-to-man, running, box, or even a low block. You might prefer a running press, or your team composition, or opposition dictate a deeper block. Regardless, the art and science of recognizing moments (the “triggers”) when your team should engage is universal.

As Russell Coates put it:

“What I like about pressing triggers is that they are more a sort of set of principles that basically apply to any type of press... Even in a sort of low zonal block.”

If there’s a single idea to stress, it’s the need to make pressing intentional, not habitual. Too many teams “press” as a default, chasing ineffectively and getting played through, instead of having a shared, trained understanding of when and why to pounce. A coaching staff that drills pressing triggers is preparing their team to “hunt in packs”—in sharp, organized bursts, instead of getting stretched and picked apart.

Applying This Tomorrow

So, how do you turn this into practical coaching? The key is training your players to recognize triggers collectively, and then act as a connected unit—not as individuals pressing on instinct. Start with small-sided games (think 5v2, 4v3,…), but instruct your pressing group to wait for agreed triggers:

• A pass to the sideline

• A backward pass under pressure

• A ball receiver with back to goal

• A poor (bad) first touch

Russell Coates emphasized this in his session:

“It’s very important that they learn to press together so that they stay connected... If you’re pressing with one person then it’s going to be very hard to win the ball back.”

Developing your team’s ability to spot these cues isn’t about tricks or secret drills. It comes from game-realistic training, video feedback, and rewarding/punishing with tailored scoring rules (e.g., double goals for turnovers forced from a trigger, or restricting touch counts to raise intensity). Every session, ask your players—why are we pressing now? Which trigger do you see?—so they build anticipation, not just reaction.

Why Watch the Full Masterclass?

This workshop doesn’t just cover the theory but gives you drills, video examples of when triggers are missed and won, and frameworks for how to segment, progress, and individualize pressing training. If you’re serious about making your team harder to play through (without just telling your players to “work harder”), you want to see these sessions, the tweaks, and the nuanced adjustments that separate effective presses from futile sprints.

Are you already a paid subscriber?
Dig in below for the deep dive—including the core takeaways and step-by-step breakdowns behind the training structure and watch the full video above.

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Double-teaming, or “doubling up,” is something every field hockey coach knows is important, but how often do we actually isolate the skill, break it down, and ingrain the specifics into our players? Russell Coates was unapologetic about this need. He started from the ground up: building simple one-versus-two drills not just for repetition, but for establishing a shared tactical language, body positioning, and defensive discipline.

Why is this so important day to day? Because, as Coates put it:

The chance of winning the ball back in a 1 versus 2 is a lot higher than in a 1 versus 1.

But in order to do that, you have to make sure it’s a one versus two and not a double one versus one. That distinction is everything: too often, a so-called double team is just two defenders diving in as individuals, each trying to claim the ball for themselves. The result? Fouls, gaps, and a highway to the D for skillful attackers.

So, how do we integrate this focus into daily practice?

• Start with the basics: Open sessions with 1v2 or 2v3 scenarios in a controlled tackling box, before you even let them loose in a half-pitch or full-pitch game. Isolate double-teaming, let players learn roles—who presses, who tackles, who communicates, and when.

• Hammer communication: Assign clear, unmistakable cues and language for who is pressing and who is tackling. If your squad has a multicultural mix (as most do), standardize the terms. Make “You!” or its language equivalent, and always have your spare (free man) shouting their readiness to double.

• Prioritize timing and spacing: Teach your defenders to create a “V-shape”—one pressing to force the attacker’s head down or channel them, the other poised and ready to pounce. Practice waiting for that critical moment: not lunging when the attacker’s head is up, but closing when their vision drops.

• Build from the back: Incorporate your goalkeepers and outletting into the process, ensuring double-teaming isn’t only a sideline skill but a core feature of every defensive set-up—central, baseline, or transitional.

• Reward and penalize in training: If you’re struggling to keep defenders disciplined (diving in headlong, getting eliminated), do what Russell Coates does. “If a player gets eliminated, they have to leave the pitch for 30 seconds,” he notes. Make the stakes tactical, so every lunge is considered.

Integrate double-teaming as an intentional, explicit skill to be drilled, discussed, and evaluated—not just assumed. Watch how your side starts to hunt in packs, win more turnovers in dangerous areas, and concede fewer soft corners or easy circle entries.

“One of the main principles we’re working on at the moment... the minimal result is you want to draw—not draw as in match result, but in a one versus one, the minimal thing you go for is to draw the one versus one. So make sure you’re not eliminated.” – Russell Coates

Why every field hockey coach will want to see the whole video

The true value of this workshop lies in its granular detail and real-world coaching scenarios. Russell Coates doesn’t just talk tactics; he brings practical illustrations, video analyses of both mistakes and successes, and variations that cover everything from youth sessions to senior high-performance environments. If you want to hear candid discussion on how to correct defender ball-watching, avoid communication breakdowns, and encourage discipline and smart aggression—and see actual drills you can lift for tonight’s session—you’ll want to dive into the full session. Plus, the audience Q&A tackles the real challenges coaches face every week.

Unlock the deeper insights behind the paywall (only paid subscribers get to read on from here) to get the three most impactful takeaways and how you can implement them directly in your daily coaching.

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As Russell himself quipped, “Being a defender myself was normally on the receiving end of the 3D eliminations,” but over years on the sidelines, he’s developed a sharp appreciation for what it takes to execute (and defend against) the now-essential 3D skills in the modern game.

Key Topics Discussed

Here’s what was buzzing in the workshop:

1. The 3D Game-Changer
Russell kicked things off by underlining how 3D skills are under-trained in a game context, despite having enormous impact, especially when attackers want more than just controlled possession—they want to truly beat a defender. Defenders (like Russell in his playing days) rely on ground-level tackles—the jab, the shave, the block—all neutralized by a well-timed lift or chop.

2. Rethinking Warm-Ups: 'Drei Lauf' with a Twist
Why waste precious warm-up minutes with static passing? Russell advocated taking the classic 'Drei Lauf' exercise (a staple at Dutch clubs) and infusing it with 3D elements. Just a small tweak—like requiring a lift or chop at each set of cones—gets players dynamically moving and thinking in 3D from the first whistle.

3. Creative Use of Equipment
He encouraged using tires, high cones, and sticks to create engaging lifting and chopping challenges—especially with younger athletes (who, let’s face it, love a bit of novelty). It’s about building comfort and control in the air as much as on the turf.

4. Zone-Based Possession Drills for 3D
One of the standout drills involved a 4v4+2 possession game segmented into four zones. The kicker? Players must use a 3D move (like a lift or chop) when carrying out of a box, rather than a ground pass. Result: players start recognizing and selecting 3D options under real(ish) pressure, not just in isolation.

5. Encourage 3D Passing, Not Just Dribbling
Another handy tweak—requiring a lifted pass when moving the ball out via a pass—meant that trapping and re-controlling aerial balls were naturally integrated into every training block.

6. 3D Battle Ladder: Competing for Supremacy
Russell’s “battle ladder” series—1v1 or expanding to 2v2/3v3—is a fast, competitive drill where the winner stays on as the attacker. This not only rewards successful elimination but, as Russell wryly noted, “there’s one thing attackers don’t like and that’s defending,” so motivation to do the job right is sky-high.

7. The Critical Coaching Point: Accelerating after the Skill
It’s not enough to simply lift the ball—Russell observes far too many players “do a nice little lift and then continue to try and go through the defender again.” The key is to accelerate into the new space you’ve created—teach players to attack the space, not the man.

8. Game-Scenario Training and Reward Systems
Incorporate 3D actions into small-sided or full games by marking “3D zones” with field markers. Award double points for goals following a successful 3D elimination, or even use time penalties for defenders eliminated in a 3D duel—a fun twist that keeps sessions lively and mentally sharp.

9. Defending the 3D Attack
Russell switched to the other side of the ball for a moment to discuss defending. The classic block/jab needs to evolve—defenders must get comfortable with a narrow, staggered stance and a vertical stick to effectively shield against a flying ball. Let the ball come to you, don’t lunge in.

10. Decision-Making: When (and When Not) to Go 3D
The best players are the best decision-makers. Russell advocates encouraging 3D skills especially in tight spaces or when play slows to a halt. If there’s an opportunity in open space, sometimes a classic dummy or drag still does the trick—but in tight quarters, 3D is king.

Russell’s dad was fond of saying: “The ball can pass and the man can pass, but he can't pass both.” That should frame the core challenge every attacker and defender faces in these elimination duels.

Ready to go more in depth? Watch the full video & read on ↓

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The Theme: On-Ball Decision Making

This session tackled one of the most critical yet underestimated areas of our game: the decisions players make while they’re on the ball. We all harp on about “prescanning” and vision, but what happens in that split-second when the ball’s on the stick? How do players adapt when their pre-planned option disappears, or the game’s speed leaves them improvising on the fly?

Key Takeaways

Here’s what stood out—ready to supercharge your next training?

1. The Two Phases: Prescanning vs. On-Ball Decision Making Everyone’s obsessed with prescanning (and rightly so), but Robert hammered home the need to separate and specifically train what happens after that first scan. The ball’s traveling—prescanning zone. The ball’s received—now enters the on-ball decision phase. Both deserve attention, but each has its own skillset.

2. Body Position, Ball Position, Footwork: Non-Negotiables Robert dissected clips where technically correct decisions went awry solely due to slow feet or poor body positioning. His advice: “If your receiving and footwork aren’t sharp, the right option shuts before you can execute. Drills must demand speed and precision—not just ‘decision drills’ for decision’s sake.”

3. The Art of Changing Decisions As game situations shift, the willingness (and technical ability) to “abort mission” and pick another option is what separates the good from the elite. Robert’s golden rule: “Don’t marry your prescan. React to the now, and don’t be afraid to change your mind.”

4. Contextualized Drills—Not the Same-Old a-b-c-d Hockey He’s allergic to “pass to the right for five minutes, then to the left for five minutes.” Instead, Robert prescribes open-ended scenarios—even in foundational drills—so players make real choices, not follow a script.

5. Early Success for Younger Players When working with U8s and U10s, make the chance of success laughably high—six attackers, two defenders, wide spaces, and heaps of positive feedback. “Let them taste creative freedom while building their confidence to make (and own) decisions. Ramp up difficulty later.”

6. Praise the Decision, Not the Outcome One for your coach’s notebook: keep reinforcing good intent, even if execution fails. “Great decision, unlucky this time—next time it comes off!” This builds a culture where players aren’t afraid to try their best options.

TL;DR: Workshop Lessons

Robert’s message? Decisions aren’t just tactical—they’re technical, psychological, and, most importantly, trainable. To raise intelligent, adaptable players, create sessions overflowing with real choices, positivity for intent, and freedom to try (and sometimes fail).

If you want your players to handle the chaos of real match-play—not just run their lines—this session’s your new blueprint.

Watch It Now

Ready for more? The full masterclass, loaded with video breakdowns, interactive exercises, and audience Q&A, is available to stream now for our pais subcribers. Whether you’re hunting fresh training ideas or rethinking your coaching philosophy, hit the link and immerse yourself in Robert’s pragmatic approach.

Let’s keep building smarter hockey, one decision at a time!

Below, for our paid subscribers, we’ll unpack the major topics explored, delve into the rich Q&A, and close with practical takeaways every coach can immediately apply.

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This session zeroed in on technical detail—specifically the art (yes, let’s cal…

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Meet Your Mastermind: Fede Tanuscio

By now, most of you know Fede—the Argentinian coach with European playing cred, a brain wired for solving tactical puzzles, and now Sports Director for the Luxembourg Federation. He’s no stranger to The Hockey Site crowd: regular contributor, creative drill architect, and a big believer in making training as relevant, efficient, and fun as possible.

For this session, Fede focused on how to bridge the ever-present gap between video analysis (“look at this men-to-men problem”) and pragmatic training sessions (“here’s how we practice breaking it down”).

Key Topics and Takeaways:

1. Real-World Problem: Building Up vs. Men-to-Men Defense

   • More teams are deploying men-to-men setups, especially in high-pressure moments. How do we avoid becoming static or isolated in our own half?

2. Shape as a Solution: Back Four vs. Back Five

   • Fede laid out how the choice between a back four and back five can open up more 2v1s on the flanks—a potential goldmine when beating personal marking. He prefers back four for early 2v1s and back five to exploit vertical channels, especially with overlapping midfielders.

3. Key Principles for Breaking Men-to-Men

   • Give-and-go, third-man play, overloads, post-ups, and playing to the free spaces (often with the aerial). The “drop and go” was a particular favorite—a tactic that’s popped up at the highest level lately.

4. Drills, Drills, Drills: Turning Theory Into Sweat

   • Every principle was matched with a progressive drill: warm-ups to hammer home give-and-go mechanics, positional exercises for third player involvement, small-sided battles with chokers for post-up practice, and live transition games with counter-pressing focus.

5. Don’t Sleep on the Long Corner

   • According to Fede, most sides under-invest in long corners, despite how often they come up and how quickly possession can turn into danger. His approach: practical long corner drills focusing on early forward options, deflections, creative overheads, and rapid post-up plays.
     Top tip: The second player in the D is often the unsung hero for successful deflections!

6. Session Planning: Isolation or Game?

   • The interactive chat revealed a consensus—start with isolated technical elements, progress quickly to game-based scenarios. Passive defenders, variable-number overloads, and tailored constraints all got a mention.

7. Fun and Flow: How to Keep It Lively

   • A coach’s attitude is key: “We are like light bulbs! If you are at 40 watts, the players will be at 40. If you are at 90, they’re at 90!” Transitions, lots of scoring, and real competition make the work enjoyable and sticky.

8. Adapt to Resources

   • Not enough pitch space? No problem. Distill the tactical moment (even in quarter-pitch settings), emphasize roles, and chase quality at every level.

9. Final Game Play: Immediate Counter-Press

   • Fede emphasizes using main-to-main game moments to drill not just attacking, but immediate pressure upon losing the ball (“counter-press”). This replicates real match chaos—and more opportunities to win the ball higher up the pitch.

One Quote to Stick on Your Whiteboard:

“We are like light bulbs! If you operate at 40 watts, the players will be at 40. If you are at 90, they’re at 90!”

In Short… This was a masterclass in running a training session that mirrors match reality, gradually layering technical skills, tactical choices, and “why it matters” through game-based, energetic exercises. Whether you run elite squads or teach budding U16s, the rationale is the same: build context, insist on quality, and never lose the competitive fire—either in design or delivery.

Ready for More?

There’s much more gold in the full recording—video examples, whiteboard breakdowns, and real-time debate with experienced coaches from across the hockey globe. Missed the live? Want to mine it again for session ideas? Catch the full replay here ↑ or read on for more of a deep dive ↓

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Here's a snapshot of the key topics we covered:

1. Understanding Ball Position: Robert emphasized the importance of having the ball in the right position – specifically at two o’clock in front of you. This enables players to easily scan the field and make decisive moves.

2. Phases of 1v1: We dived deep into the three core phases of a 1v1 – ball position, acceleration, and elimination. Understanding these phases can help players outmaneuver their opponents effortlessly.

3. Acceleration Techniques: Robert shared valuable tips on using one-hand acceleration, allowing players to run faster and maintain control.

4. Elimination Skills: We explored how changing speed and direction can create opportunities to bypass defenders.

5. Crafting Effective Training Sessions: Robert walked us through creating a full practice session that incorporates all these elements, emphasizing the need for game-like scenarios rather than isolated drills.

6. Importance of Decision Making: Discussions included how players can decide when to attempt a 1v1, focusing on attacking space and reading the game effectively.

7. Mindset and Encouragement: "See space, attack space" – a mantra to encourage players to take on the 1v1 with confidence and creativity, without the fear of failure.

Fun Fact: Did you know that practicing 1v1s at full speed with no predetermined moves allows players to excel in real-game situations better than isolated drills?

The session was followed by an insightful exchange of ideas during the Q&A with those coaches who could join us while live

Ready to dive deeper? Catch the full workshop on demand above… or read on…

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As coaches, we often face teams that adopt a zonal defense, making it challenging to penetrate their structure. In my own coaching experience, said Coates, with a men's first team in Holland, we've been implementing third man combinations as a key strategy. Today, we’re excited to share some exercises designed to enhance your team's understanding and execution of these vital plays.

Understanding Third Man Combinations

The core idea of third man combinations is simple yet powerful. It involves three players working together to create space and opportunities by moving the ball in a way that confuses defenders. The third player acts as a pivot, allowing for quick transitions and maintaining possession. This concept emphasizes the importance of pre-scanning—players must be aware of their surroundings and the best options available to them.

Exercise 1: Third Man Possession Drill

We began our training with a possession-based drill. The setup involves two grids and a neutral player positioned between them. The objective is for the team in possession to keep the ball while utilizing the neutral player to transfer the ball between grids. This drill encourages players to make quick decisions, fostering third man combinations and enhancing their pre-scanning skills.

Coaching tips for this exercise include:

• Encourage players to connect a specific number of passes before transferring the ball to the other side.

• Introduce additional neutral players to promote transitions and third man combinations.

• Limit touches to enhance ball handling and quick decision-making.

Exercise 2: Finishing Drill

After warming up with the possession drill, we transitioned to a finishing drill.

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Introduction to the Workshop

The workshop focused on enhancing practice session design through real game situations. Today, we will explore a specific scenario: when an opponent receives a red card, leaving them with fewer players on the field. This situation can create unique challenges, particularly in overcoming a block defense. Our goal is to equip experienced coaches with effective strategies to adapt their training sessions accordingly.

Understanding Game Situations

Game situations are dynamic and can significantly influence how a match unfolds. Understanding these scenarios allows coaches to tailor their practice sessions to mimic real-game conditions. For instance, when an opponent is down to ten players, they often adopt a more defensive posture. Our focus will be on how to manipulate that defense effectively while maintaining possession and creating scoring opportunities.

Weekly Training Program Structure

A well-structured weekly training program is essential for consistent player growth. Each week should include a variety of sessions that build upon one another. Here’s a suggested structure:

• Monday: Introduction meeting and warm-up, followed by skill development drills.

• Tuesday: Tactical session focusing on game situations, including block defense strategies.

• Wednesday: Conditioning and agility training.

• Thursday: Scrimmage integrating skills learned during the week.

• Friday: Review and feedback session, followed by a light practice.

Contextual Game Situation: GB vs. India

To illustrate the concepts we'll be discussing, let's analyze a specific game situation: the quarter-final match between Great Britain (GB) and India at the Olympic Games in Paris. During this match, India received a red card, resulting in them playing with one fewer player for a significant portion of the game. This scenario provides a rich context for understanding how to adjust our practice session design to effectively counteract a block defense.

Analyzing the Game Situation

In this match, GB faced the challenge of breaking through a well-organized Indian defense. With India playing with ten players, they focused on maintaining a strong block in the center of the field. GB had to find ways to penetrate this defense while ensuring they maintained control of the ball. Key questions to consider include:

• How can GB exploit the numerical advantage?

• What tactics can be employed to create space and scoring opportunities?

• How does the positioning of players affect the ability to break through the defense?

Strategies to Manipulate Block Defense

To effectively manipulate a block defense, coaches should consider several strategies:

• Create 2v1 Situations: By drawing defenders out of position, teams can create numerical advantages in key areas.

• Use Width: Spreading the play can stretch the defense and open up gaps for attackers to exploit.

• Increase Mobility: Encourage players to move dynamically to create passing lanes and opportunities for quick ball movement.

Technical Points for Training Focus

When designing training sessions, it is essential to focus on specific technical skills that will enhance player performance in game situations. Key areas to concentrate on include:

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Introduction to Dynamic Attacking

Dynamic attacking is an essential aspect of field hockey that significantly enhances a team's offensive capabilities. It involves quick, fluid movements and strategic positioning to create scoring opportunities. This approach not only puts pressure on the opposing defense but also allows players to exploit spaces effectively. By focusing on dynamic attacking, coaches can cultivate a more versatile and unpredictable style of play.

The Importance of Movement

In dynamic attacking, movement is key. Players must be in constant motion, not only with the ball but also without it. This movement creates options and forces defenders to make decisions, often leading to mistakes. When players are stationary, they become easier to defend against. Therefore, incorporating drills that emphasize movement into training sessions is crucial for developing a dynamic attacking strategy.

Key Concepts of Dynamic Attacking

• Creating Space: Players should learn to create space for themselves and their teammates. This can be achieved through effective leading and movement off the ball.

• Dynamic Receiving: The ability to receive the ball while in motion is vital. This skill allows players to maintain momentum and quickly transition into attacking plays.

• Prescanning: Before receiving the ball, players should scan the field to identify available options. This awareness allows for quicker decision-making and more effective attacking plays.

• Second Stage Running: This refers to the movement players make after their initial run. By continuing to move, they can create additional opportunities and space for their teammates.

Understanding Player Movements

To fully grasp dynamic attacking, it's important to analyze the movements of players both on and off the ball. Each player has a role in creating opportunities, and understanding these movements can lead to more effective training methods.

Types of Movements

1. Leading: Players must lead into space to receive the ball. Effective leading creates passing lanes and draws defenders out of position.

2. Changing Direction: Players should practice changing direction quickly after receiving the ball. This keeps defenders guessing and allows for more dynamic attacks.

3. Double Movements: Players can create confusion for defenders by making multiple movements in quick succession. This can open up space for themselves or their teammates.

Practicing Movement Drills

Incorporate drills that focus on movement into training sessions. For example, set up small-sided games that require players to constantly move and reposition themselves based on the ball's location. This will help them understand the importance of movement in dynamic attacking.

Analyzing Game Footage

Reviewing game footage is a valuable tool for coaches and players alike. It provides insight into the effectiveness of dynamic attacking strategies and highlights areas for improvement.

Identifying Patterns

When analyzing footage, look for patterns in the team's attacking plays. Are players making effective leads? Are they receiving the ball dynamically? Identifying these patterns can help coaches tailor their training sessions to address specific issues.

Learning from Mistakes

Game footage also allows teams to learn from mistakes. By reviewing plays that didn't result in scoring opportunities, players can understand what went wrong and how to adjust their movements in future games.

Key Skills for Dynamic Attacking

To implement a successful dynamic attacking strategy, players must develop specific skills that enhance their effectiveness on the field.

Essential Skills

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The Importance of Pre-Season Training

Pre-season training is not just about getting fit; it's about laying a solid foundation for the season ahead. Russell emphasizes the importance of gradually increasing intensity during training sessions. This approach helps players adapt physically and mentally, reducing the risk of injuries when the competitive matches begin.

General Structure of a Pre-Season Training Session

Russell outlines a typical pre-season training session, which includes:

• Warm-Up: Start with general jogging and dynamic stretching to prepare the body.

• Passing Drills: Engage players with passing exercises that emphasize movement and scanning.

• Game-Like Situations: Introduce small-sided games that mimic match scenarios.

Key Drills to Incorporate

Here are some essential drills that Russell recommends for effective pre-season training:

1. Dynamic Passing Drill

This drill involves players passing the ball in pairs while moving dynamically. Players must lead to receive the ball, which encourages scanning and awareness on the field.

2. Passing Box Drill

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Introduction and Overview of Full Press

The full press is a tactical approach that emphasizes aggressive defending to regain possession of the ball quickly. It involves all players working cohesively to apply pressure on the opponent, effectively limiting their options and creating opportunities for turnovers. In this workshop led by Robert Noall, we explored how to train full press strategies that can elevate a team's performance on the field.

Noall emphasized that understanding the skills required for effective full pressing is crucial. Coaches must ensure that players are not only aware of the tactical aspects but also equipped with the necessary skills to execute them dynamically during the game.

Refer a friend

Understanding the Skills Required for Full Press

To implement a successful full press, players need to develop several key skills:

• Identifying Passing Lines: Players must recognize where the opponent can pass the ball and position themselves to close those options.

• Interception: The ability to anticipate and intercept passes is vital for regaining possession.

• One-on-One Defending: Players should be adept at defending against individual opponents, particularly in high-pressure situations.

• Communication: Effective communication among team members is essential to coordinate movements and maintain pressure.

Examples of Full Pressure in Action

Throughout the workshop, Noall showcased various videos demonstrating effective full press strategies in action. One notable example involved a team in pink successfully applying pressure, leading to an interception and a quick transition to attack.

Another video highlighted the importance of positioning, where players effectively closed passing lanes while anticipating the opponent's movements. This proactive approach allowed them to generate turnovers and capitalize on scoring opportunities.

Key Skills for Effective Full Pressing

Understanding the skills necessary for effective full pressing is paramount. Coaches must focus on developing the following:

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Key Defensive Systems

There are three primary defensive systems used in indoor hockey:

• Man-to-Man: Each defender is responsible for marking one opponent, which is similar to outdoor hockey. This system relies heavily on individual defensive skills and awareness.

• Zonal Defense: Defenders cover designated areas of the pitch rather than specific players. This system requires excellent communication and awareness among teammates to effectively guard passing lanes and prevent attackers from entering critical areas.

• Hybrid System: A combination of man-to-man and zonal systems where some players mark opponents while others cover zones. This flexibility can be advantageous against varied offensive strategies.

Understanding Defensive Systems

To effectively implement indoor defensive structures, coaches must understand how each system works and when to deploy them. Each system has its strengths and weaknesses, and the choice often depends on the opponent's style of play and the specific game situation.

Advantages and Disadvantages

• Man-to-Man:

  • Advantages: Simplifies marking, allows for direct pressure on the ball carrier.

  • Disadvantages: Can lead to mismatches and gaps if players lose their marks.

• Zonal Defense:

  • Advantages: Protects critical areas, allows defenders to block passing options.

  • Disadvantages: Requires high levels of communication and teamwork; can be exploited by quick ball movement.

• Hybrid System:

  • Advantages: Offers flexibility to adapt to the opponent's tactics and can confuse attackers.

  • Disadvantages: Requires players to be highly aware and disciplined to maintain structure.

Warm-Up Drill: Rondo-Based Exercise

Starting with a Rondo-based warm-up is an effective way to introduce players to the principles of indoor defensive structures. This drill not only warms up players physically but also mentally engages them in defensive concepts.

Drill Setup

Set up the Rondo exercise on half a pitch, including a goalkeeper for added realism. The attacking team aims to maintain possession, while the defensive team works to close down central passing options.

Objectives of the Drill

• Encourage players to recognize the importance of closing down the center.

• Develop teamwork and communication among defenders.

• Practice transitioning from defense to offense after winning the ball.

Variations

To keep the drill engaging and challenging, consider implementing variations such as:

• Limiting the number of touches for the attacking team.

• Adjusting the number of defenders to increase or decrease intensity.

• Incorporating specific coaching points related to body positioning and pressure application.

Drill 1: Channeling in Defense

The first drill focuses on the fundamental defensive concept of channeling. This technique involves guiding the attacker towards a less advantageous position, often towards the boards or into a defender's reach.

Drill Structure

Begin with a one-on-one setup where the defender works on footwork and body positioning. The attacker plays the ball back to the defender, and the goal is to force the attacker towards designated gates, earning points based on their success.

Objectives

• Improve defensive footwork and body positioning.

• Teach players how to apply pressure without overcommitting.

• Foster communication and decision-making in defensive situations.

Drill 2: Defending in Pairs with Transition

This drill emphasizes teamwork and communication while defending in pairs. It simulates real-game scenarios where defenders must work together to cover their zones and transition quickly between offense and defense.

Drill Overview

In this exercise, defenders start with the ball and attempt to cross the halfway line. If they succeed, a transition occurs, and the attacking team must quickly regain possession. This drill helps players understand the importance of communication and immediate reaction in fast-paced indoor hockey.

Key Takeaways

• Encourage effective communication between defenders.

• Highlight the importance of quick transitions in indoor hockey.

• Teach players to recognize when to apply pressure and when to track back.

Clip Analysis: Hybrid Defensive Systems

Analyzing game clips is an effective way to illustrate the application of hybrid defensive systems in real matches. By observing professional teams, coaches can gain insights into how to implement these strategies effectively.

Example Analysis

In a recent semifinal match, a team demonstrated a hybrid system effectively. The front players focused on closing off the center while the back defenders maintained strict man-to-man coverage. This structure allowed them to adapt fluidly to the opponent's movements.

Discussion Points

• How can your team adapt similar strategies in practice?

• What are the key lessons learned from observing these hybrid systems in action?

• How can you encourage players to be more flexible in their defensive roles?

Zonal Defense Drill

The Zonal Defense Drill is an excellent way to introduce players to the concept of defending in zones. This drill emphasizes the importance of positioning and teamwork, allowing defenders to understand how to cover specific areas rather than individual players.

Drill Overview

In this drill, players are divided into two teams, with one team attacking in a 4 versus 3 setup. The attacking team aims to score, while the defending team focuses on winning the ball back. The defenders must work together to create a triangular formation, which is vital for effective zonal defense.

Objectives of the Drill

• Introduce players to the principles of zonal defense.

• Encourage communication and collaboration among defenders.

• Practice transitioning from defense to offense after regaining possession.

Variations

To enhance the drill, consider incorporating variations such as:

• Allowing defenders to tackle back after specific passes are made by the attacking team.

• Adjusting the number of defenders to create different overload situations.

• Setting specific goals for defenders, such as forcing attackers into designated areas.

Video Analysis: Man Marking Systems

Understanding man marking systems through video analysis can significantly improve a coach's ability to teach this defensive strategy. By analyzing clips from high-level games, coaches can pinpoint effective man marking techniques and discuss them with their teams.

Key Takeaways from Video Clips

In the analysis of a recent match, we observed several key aspects of man marking:

• Players must maintain close proximity to their assigned opponent, ensuring they are always ready to apply pressure.

• Defenders should be aware of their positioning, especially regarding the center of the pitch, to prevent easy passes.

• Communication is essential for successful man marking; defenders must call out switches and provide support as needed.

Discussion Points

• What specific skills are necessary for effective man marking?

• How can players improve their awareness of the ball and their assigned opponent?

• What strategies can be implemented to encourage communication among defenders?

Incorporating Principles into Gameplay

To successfully incorporate defensive principles into gameplay, coaches must focus on practical application during training sessions. This involves creating scenarios that mimic game situations where players can practice their defensive skills.

Game Simulation

In a simulated game environment, coaches can set specific objectives for each team, such as:

• The attacking team must focus on exploiting defensive gaps.

• The defending team must implement zonal or man marking strategies based on the situation.

Key Considerations

• Encourage players to adapt their strategies based on the attacking team's movements.

• Emphasize the importance of positioning and communication during gameplay.

• Utilize feedback from players to refine defensive tactics continuously.

Adjusting Strategies Based on Game Context

Indoo hockey is a dynamic sport, and the ability to adjust defensive strategies based on game context is crucial. Coaches should teach players to recognize when to shift from a zonal to a man marking system or vice versa.

Identifying Game Context

Coaches can help players identify when to adjust their strategies by focusing on the following factors:

• The attacking team's formation and style of play.

• The scoreline and time remaining in the game.

• The physical condition of players and their ability to maintain specific defensive structures.

Practical Exercises

To practice these adjustments, coaches can implement exercises that require players to switch between different defensive systems during a single drill. This encourages adaptability and improves overall team cohesion.

Watch the full video above for the full picture of this workshop…

Training Attacking Structures in Indoor Hockey: A Workshop Summary

Today’s online workshop hosted by thehockeysite.com featured Russell Coates, who shared his expertise on training offensive structures in indoor hockey. The session, hosted by Ernst Baart, delved into various training drills, offensive tactics, and principles used by top-level teams. Following his presentation, Coates engaged in a Q&A session with the online audience.

Key Concepts in Offensive Structures

Coates began by emphasizing that indoor hockey is a unique format that demands specific training approaches. He highlighted the importance of starting training sessions with small-sided games to engage players and replicate game-like scenarios.

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Robert Noall

An experienced coach, trainer and technical director in The Netherlands, Robert Noall 🇬🇧 originates from the UK. Where he got his degree in Sports Coaching Science and Management alongside a certificate in Sports Psychology from the Barcelona Innovation Hub. He is currently coaching in the 1st division in The Netherlands and a regional coordinator for the U14 Girls in the Dutch national pathway program. Robert and thehockeysite.com decided to work together and bring a monthly workshop in which he will share training principles using XPS. Each session will focus on one particular topic and of course has a Q&A with the attending coaches.

This workshop focuses on essential skills needed for effective outletting in hockey vs man to man marking. In November 2024 Noall also hosted a workshop for us on outletting vs zone marking :

Training to beat Man-to-Man marking in Field Hockey

The workshop focuses on training players to play against man-to-man marking. It covers the importance of developing individual skills, particularly dynamic receiving and elimination skills, and how to implement these skills in game-like situations.

The Importance of Individual Skill Development

Noall stresses the importance of focusing on individual skill development, particularly dynamic receiving and elimination skills, as the foundation for effective play against man-to-man defense. He advocates for a “zoomed-in” approach, emphasizing the importance of breaking down complex actions into their component skills and training those skills until they become automatic.

Dynamic Receiving

Noall emphasizes that every time a player receives the ball, it should be a dynamic reception. He explains that a dynamic reception involves:

• Catching the ball with the stick away from the body.

• Immediately moving with the ball after reception.

This makes it more difficult for the defender to steal the ball, and allows the receiver to immediately move into an attacking position. Dynamic receiving requires players to be aware of their surroundings and to anticipate where the ball is going to be played.

Elimination Skills

Elimination skills are the techniques players use to get past defenders in one-on-one situations. Examples of elimination skills include:

• Dragging the ball from the forehand to the backhand.

• Lifting the ball over the opponent’s stick.

• Turning away from pressure.

Noall explains that these skills must be trained to the point of automaticity so that players can execute them effectively under pressure.

Training Exercises

Noall presents a series of training drills designed to develop dynamic receiving and elimination skills. The exercises progress from unopposed drills to opposed drills and finally to a scrimmage, allowing players to develop their skills and then apply them in increasingly game-like situations.

Dynamic Receiving Exercises

The workshop presents two exercises specifically focused on dynamic receiving:

Dynamic Receiving Warm-Up: In this exercise, players practice receiving passes from a goalkeeper or coach and moving laterally around cones. The coach can increase the difficulty of this drill by asking players to:

• Fake receiving in one direction before moving in the other.

• Lift the ball over a stick or plank before passing.

Dynamic Receiving Exercise: This drill involves a more complex passing sequence and includes dynamic receiving in multiple positions on the field. The coach can again add obstacles, such as sticks, to increase the challenge.

Elimination Skills Exercises

Noall also presents two drills to develop players' elimination skills:

1. Elimination Skills Exercise: This drill focuses on practicing elimination skills in an unopposed setting. Players work on dragging, lifting, and turning to get past a series of cones. The coach can change the number and arrangement of the cones to create different scenarios.

2. Two vs. Two with Transitions and Counters: This drill introduces opposition and focuses on using elimination skills to create scoring opportunities. It starts with a two versus two situation, but transitions to a three versus three or five versus five based on the coach's instructions. Players also practice counter-attacks.

Scrimmage

In the final portion of the workshop, Noall recommends concluding the training session with a scrimmage. Coaches should instruct their players to play man-to-man defense, focusing on:

• Dynamic Receiving: Players should work on receiving the ball in a way that allows them to immediately attack.

• Attacking Space: Players should be encouraged to exploit the space created by the man-to-man marking by attacking the opposite side of the field.

To further encourage the application of the practiced skills, coaches can award points for successful execution of specific tactics. For example, a point could be awarded for completing a “golden transfer”, which is a quick transfer of the ball from one side of the field to the other, creating a scoring opportunity.

“Man Responsibility” Defense

During the question-and-answer portion of the workshop, Noall addresses a question about "man responsibility" defense. He describes this system as a hybrid approach to defense that combines elements of man-to-man marking with zone defense. In a man responsibility system:

• Each player is assigned an opponent closest to their position to mark.

• Each player is also responsible for a specific zone or area on the field.

This system aims to maintain defensive structure while still putting pressure on the opponents.

Coaching vs. Training

Noall distinguishes between coaching and training. He believes that training focuses on developing the technical and tactical skills necessary to play the game, while coaching involves guiding players to make good decisions and expand their field hockey vocabulary. He emphasizes that:

• Training sessions should prioritize skill development.

• Coaches should avoid giving players solutions. Instead, they should encourage players to think critically and come up with their own solutions by asking questions.

• Coaches should allow players to make mistakes and learn from them, rather than trying to control every aspect of the game.

Takeways

The key takeaway from Noall's workshop is that individual skill development is the foundation for success in hockey, especially when playing against man-to-man defense. By focusing on dynamic receiving and elimination skills, and creating training exercises that progressively challenge players, coaches can help their teams break down man-to-man defenses and create scoring opportunities. The workshop also highlights the importance of allowing players to think critically and develop their own solutions, fostering a deeper understanding of the game.

Watch us live or on demand

Our live workshops and masterclasses are free for all if you can join us while we’re live. While we have chosen to keep the on demand replay of these first two workshops on outletting by Noall open and free for all, usually our on demand videos are limited to our paid subscribers. Enjoy a free 7 day subscription if you’re not already in, to watch some of our other videos.

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Russell Coates

An experienced coach, trainer and technical director in The Netherlands, Russell Coates 🇳🇱 founded hockeyplatform.nl where he shares his drills and practice sessions with clubs and academies. Russell and thehockeysite.com decided to work together and bring a monthly workshop in which he will build and share a full practice session in XPS together with you. Each session will focus on one particular topic.

On November 27, 2024 we spoke about attacking through the middle, using the channels or half-spaces.

Importance of the Channels/Half Spaces

Coates begins his presentation by explaining why attacking through the channels, or half spaces, is an important area of focus for field hockey teams. He notes that in recent years, penalty corner defenses have improved considerably, which means teams need to find other ways to score field goals.

The channel, or half space, is the area of the field that lies between the center of the pitch and the sidelines. This area, particularly in the final third of the field, is being referred to as the assist zone because research has shown that most assists in hockey come from this part of the field.

Coates argues that attacking through the assist zone, rather than through the center or wide areas of the pitch, provides attacking players with more options. This is because:

• Attacking through the center often leads to congestion and makes it easier for defenders to double team the player with the ball.

• Attacking down the sidelines allows the defense to use the sideline as an extra defender.

• When an attacker receives the ball in the assist zone, they are likely to have an open body position, allowing them to see multiple passing options. Attackers receiving the ball in the center of the field often receive the ball with their back to the goal.

Drills

Coates then presents five drills coaches can use to help their players understand the importance of using the channels in attack.

Drill 1: Three Versus Two Rondo (or Small-Sided Game)

The first drill is a three versus two rondo, which can also be adapted into a small-sided game. This drill is designed to get players thinking about using the channels early in practice, when the area is more confined.

• Setup: The drill uses a wide grid, marked by four cones, with mini goals at either end. The grid's width depends on the number of players participating. Two gates are set up in the channels on each side of the grid.

• How it works: Three attackers pass the ball around and try to transfer the ball to the other side of the grid through the gates. If the attackers complete a certain number of passes before transferring the ball through the gate, they earn a point. Defenders can earn a point by winning the ball and scoring in the mini goals.

• Adaptations: Coaches can adapt this drill by:

  • Removing a defender or adding an attacker if the attacking team is struggling to maintain possession.

  • Making the drill into a six versus four game, in which teams earn a point for every time they pass or carry the ball through the gates.

  • Making it a four versus four or three versus three small-sided game, with teams scoring in mini goals on either end of the grid.

Drill 2: Unopposed Passing Drill

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Robert Noall

An experienced coach, trainer and technical director in The Netherlands, Robert Noall 🇬🇧 originates from the UK. Where he got his degree in Sports Coaching Science and Management alongside a certificate in Sports Psychology from the Barcelona Innovation Hub. He is currently coaching in the 1st division in The Netherlands and a regional coordinator for the U14 Girls in the Dutch national pathway program. Robert and thehockeysite.com decided to work together and bring a monthly workshop in which he will share training principles using XPS. Each session will focus on one particular topic and of course has a Q&A with the attending coaches.

This workshop focuses on essential skills needed for effective outletting in hockey. We talk about how to develop players' understanding of spatial awareness and decision-making. Crucial elements for overcoming zonal defenses.

Analyzing Video Examples

Throughout the workshop, Robert shares video examples that illustrate effective outletting strategies against zone marking. These real-game scenarios highlight how players can create numerical advantages, by positioning themselves strategically and making quick decisions.

Some Key Objectives of Outletting

Coaches should focus on the following key elements:

• Spatial Awareness: Players must constantly assess their surroundings and make decisions based on the position of teammates and opponents.

• Communication: Effective communication among players is crucial for executing successful outletting strategies.

• Body Positioning: Players should adopt open body positions to facilitate quick passes and maintain control of the ball.

• Prescanning: Before receiving the ball, players must scan the field to identify potential passing options.

The Importance of Prescanning

Prescanning, a crucial skill in outletting is essential. Robert emphasized that prescanning is particularly vital for midfield players. They must (constantly) evaluate their surroundings to enhance their effectiveness in transitioning the ball. This skill becomes even more critical when facing a zone marking defense; however, quick decision-making can lead to significant advantages.

Training Techniques for Coaches

To instill (the importance) of prescanning and high balls in players, coaches should focus on specific training techniques. Robert proposed several drills that emphasize these skills. Ensuring players can apply them in game situations effectively.

• Warm-Up Exercises: Incorporate dynamic warm-up exercises that require players to prescan before receiving the ball. This can involve passing drills where players must identify open spaces and choose their direction based on their observations.

• Game Situational Drills: Create scenarios that mimic real game situations where players must decide when to play a high ball. This helps develop their ability to assess the field quickly and act accordingly.

• Feedback Mechanisms: Implement feedback sessions post-drills to discuss decision-making processes. This will reinforce the importance of prescanning and help players understand their choices.

Combining Skills in Training Sessions

Incorporating multiple skills, such as prescanning, one-touch passing and high ball techniques into training sessions is essential for developing well-rounded players. Robert Noall suggests utilizing a structured approach: this not only reinforces individual skills, it enhances teamwork and tactical awareness.

Final Q&A Session

The workshop concludes with an interactive Q&A session, allowing coaches to seek clarification on specific techniques and strategies discussed throughout the training.

Introduction to Transitions in Hockey

Transitions in hockey are pivotal moments that can determine the outcome of a game. The ability to swiftly switch from defense to offense not only creates scoring opportunities but also helps to regain control of the match. Effective transitions require players to be aware of their positioning, communicate with teammates, and make quick decisions. This workshop by Russell Coates focuses on practical drills and principles that enhance offensive transitions, providing coaches with the tools to develop their teams' skills.Principles of Offensive Transition

Understanding the principles of offensive transition is essential for any hockey player. The key concepts include:

• Escaping Pressure: Players must learn how to navigate through defensive pressure effectively. This involves making quick decisions and utilizing space smartly.

• Finding Players Facing Goal: Identifying and passing to teammates who are positioned to face the goal can create immediate scoring chances.

• Creating Depth and Width: Spreading out the players horizontally and vertically on the field allows for better passing options and creates openings in the defense.

Drill 1: Five vs. Three Possession Game

The first drill focuses on a five versus three possession game. This drill emphasizes maintaining possession while under pressure and transitioning quickly when the opportunity arises.

The setup involves five blue players versus three orange players. The blue team aims to retain possession within a designated area, while the orange team attempts to win the ball back. When orange gains possession, the two players on the baseline join the play, creating an immediate five versus five scenario.

In this drill, players learn the importance of escaping pressure. Blue must work together to keep the ball away from orange while looking for opportunities to break forward. If orange wins the ball, they have the chance to counterattack quickly, reinforcing the concept of transitioning from defense to offense.

Variations can include setting mini-goals for scoring or requiring the blue team to make a certain number of passes before they can transition into a scoring opportunity. This encourages continuous movement and sharpens decision-making skills.

Drill 2: One vs. Two Transition Drill

The second drill is a one versus two transition drill, designed to hone skills in a more focused setting.

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